What refers to factors influencing health status and contact in coding?

Z codes are designed to capture factors influencing health status and contact with health services in ICD-10-CM coding. They are used when a patient does not have a current illness or injury that needs to be coded but still requires medical attention or assessment. These codes can represent situations like social determinants of health, family history, or lifestyle factors that are relevant for treatment but are not classified as diseases or injuries.

For example, if a patient is seen for a routine check-up or health maintenance that includes counseling about lifestyle changes, Z codes would be appropriate to document the reason for the visit and the additional context for the patient's health status. This allows for a more comprehensive representation of the patient's overall health and healthcare interactions in medical records.

In contrast, Y codes are used for factors influencing health status that are external to the patient, C codes refer to neoplasms or cancers, and V codes relate to specific situations that do not fit into the other categories, such as encounters for examinations without any stated reason for the encounter.