What is removed in a total hysterectomy?

A total hysterectomy involves the surgical removal of both the uterus and the cervix. This procedure generally is performed to treat various medical conditions such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, or cancer. Removing both the uterus and the cervix is essential for a total hysterectomy and distinguishes this surgery from other types, such as a subtotal or partial hysterectomy, where only the uterus is removed while the cervix remains intact.

In contrast, other options do not correctly describe what is removed during a total hysterectomy. Some choices mention only one structure, such as the cervix or just the uterus, which does not encompass the full scope of a total hysterectomy. Furthermore, the choice referring to the removal of the entire reproductive system is inaccurate, as a total hysterectomy does not include the removal of the ovaries or fallopian tubes unless specified as part of a more extensive procedure. Therefore, the correct understanding of this surgical procedure ensures clarity on what is involved in a total hysterectomy.